• Hierarchies use parent-child relationships within the data, so that a user can go deeper in order to gain a better insight into the information they are responsible for. Mostly all of the organizations use hierarchies to provide a classification of their own products and even their own organization. One of the best examples of hierarchies that we usually see, is an organizational chart that describes the hierarchy of the key persons in an organization.
• To navigate through hierarchies, a person can either drill down or drill up. Hierarchies occur in the tree-structure, which establishes a parent-child relationship.
• For example, consider a data source having fields such as Country, Region, State, and City under a hierarchy called Location. If a company wants to look at the sales performance of its product in different cities in different countries, then it can drill through the sales data of the product, all the way to specific city in a country.
• Drilling Techniques
• Once a hierarchy is created, create a report and perform the trend analysis using the following drilling techniques:
  • • Drill Down— drills down from higher-level summarized data to lower-level detailed data.
    • Drill Up – drills up from lower-level detailed data to higher-level summarized data.

For example, drill down implies moving down the sales data of a product (i.e., city-wise) from higher level (i.e., country-wise). Drill Up implies moving up from lower level data to higher level